![]() Nearly 70% of new injuries each year are incomplete with incomplete tetraplegia as the fastest growing injury classification ( 1). The disruption of transmission of motor and sensory information associated with spinal cord injury (SCI) significantly impacts a person's ability to purposely move. Finally, the next steps in research to move toward wider clinical utility are discussed. With specific consideration for therapeutic settings, potential benefits, applications, and pitfalls for clinical use are considered. This article will examine current literature related to the application of TSCS in combination with therapeutic interventions for motor recovery and aims to elucidate trends in waveform selection, duration and frequency, and combinatorial therapies that may inform clinical practice. There is, however, a lag in assimilating the science for clinical practice. It is a promising tool to augment the work being done in therapeutic settings with the potential to expedite recovery. Though there is much we do not know, combining this altered state of exciability with therapy has the potential to enhance the outcomes associated with activity-based interventions. This excitation is associated with enhanced voluntary performance in patients with incomplete SCI (iSCI). Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation (TSCS) has been shown to enhance the excitability of spinal neural circuits. ![]() 2Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.1International Center for Spinal Cord Injury, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States. ![]()
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